The role of coagulation factors and tumor markers in diagnosing advanced stage endometriosis

The role of coagulation factors and tumor markers in diagnosing advanced stage endometriosis By Eylül GÜN

As a systemic inflammatory condition, endometriosis features elevated proinflammatory cytokines, causing pain, endothelial dysfunction, carcinogenesis, and a hypercoagulable state. Patients with endometriosis show decreased thrombin time (TT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), alongside increased tissue factor (TF) and fibrinogen…

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Study Sheds Light on Molecular Mechanism of Endometriosis Development

Study Sheds Light on Molecular Mechanism of Endometriosis Development By Özge Özkaya

Cell adhesion molecule 2 (CADM2) may inhibit the development of endometriosis, according to a new study published in the scientific journal Reproductive Sciences. It may do so by suppressing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. A better understanding of the mechanism underlying the development of…

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Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand Expression and Endometrioma Recurrence

Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand Expression and Endometrioma Recurrence By Hale Goksever Celik

Although there are several medical and surgical management options, endometriosis is highly prone to recurrence. A possible predictor of recurrence would be the quality of life for women with endometriosis. On the other hand, endometriosis is an immunological disease, there…

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Quercetin and its effects on endometriosis

Quercetin and its effects on endometriosis By Eylül GÜN

Endometriosis, as a disease characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis, could be a potential target for quercetin, a flavonoid found in various foods and botanicals, and a known senolytic agent with many effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory properties. Studies…

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Why is there a higher risk of stroke for women with endometriosis?

Why is there a higher risk of stroke for women with endometriosis? By Eylül GÜN

Women diagnosed with endometriosis might face an increased susceptibility to stroke due to alterations in the levels of some molecules in their systems. Studies indicate that especially those undergoing hysterectomy/oophorectomy, have an approximately 30% higher risk of stroke. Dr. Mormile…

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Novel high-risk candidate genes for familial endometriosis

Novel high-risk candidate genes for familial endometriosis By Hale Goksever Celik

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a genetic background resulting in familial clustering. Although multiple susceptibility loci have been identified in genome-wide association studies, high-risk predisposing variants have not been defined yet. A group of scientists from Finland, published a study…

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A synopsis of deep infiltrating endometriosis of the digestive system

A synopsis of deep infiltrating endometriosis of the digestive system By Eylül GÜN

The gastrointestinal tract is one of the most common locations of extrapelvic endometriosis. Its infiltrative counterpart exhibits more aggressive behavior and often needs to be distinguished from malignancies clinically. Yin et al. from Harbin, China reviewed the latest findings regarding…

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Blood-based biomarkers for the detection of endometriosis and adenomyosis

Blood-based biomarkers for the detection of endometriosis and adenomyosis By Eylül GÜN

One of the biggest challenges in endometriosis management is the delay in diagnosis. Scientists have been trying to come up with biomarkers to detect it quicker. Thinking blood-based biomarkers could aid in earlier diagnosis and help with the duly administration…

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A suggestion for a novel in vitro diagnostic test for endometriosis

A suggestion for a novel in vitro diagnostic test for endometriosis By Eylül GÜN

As the research continues to find a gold standard non-invasive diagnostic method for endometriosis, there still is no definitive answer. One of the most commonly studied markers is Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125) – a biomarker that is secreted from the…

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The relationship between lipids and estrogen in endometriosis

The relationship between lipids and estrogen in endometriosis By Eylül GÜN

Lipid metabolism plays important roles in many physiological and pathological conditions such as the storage of energy, immune system functions, steroid hormone production, inflammation, and chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. In an attempt to figure out the…

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Peritoneal endometriosis and Peritoneal Immunity

Peritoneal endometriosis and Peritoneal Immunity By Selma Oransay

The peritoneum is an important immune barrier where, under normal conditions, it is balanced. External stimuli cause pro-inflammatory responses. To bring balance to this undesired situation, anti-inflammatory factors come into play. However, in patients with endometriosis, cytotoxicity of T lymphocytes,…

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The enhanced invasiveness, migration and the development of adenomyosis: Importance of M2 macrophages

The enhanced invasiveness, migration and the development of adenomyosis: Importance of M2 macrophages By Hale Goksever Celik

Adenomyosis is the ectopic presence of endometrial stromal and glandular cells inside the myometrial tissue. Adenomyosis is diagnosed in women with gynecological problems with an incidence of 20%, although it is encountered much more frequently in hysterectomy specimens. Among many…

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Molecular Alterations in Ovarian Endometriosis

Molecular Alterations in Ovarian Endometriosis By Elisabetta Kuhn

Endometriosis is a benign disease with biological features characteristic of malignant tumors, such as invasiveness and migration abilities. In epithelial malignant tumors, it is believed that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), that is, the switch of an epithelial phenotype versus a mesenchymal…

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Do not underestimate the power of red blood cell evaluation in endometriosis

Do not underestimate the power of red blood cell evaluation in endometriosis By Eylül GÜN

In an effort to develop an easy-to-use diagnostic marker, research has focused on the pro-inflammatory nature of endometriosis and the raised levels of inflammatory markers. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has emerged as one of these markers. Moreover, endometriosis has been…

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Postoperative serum markers to predict serum AMH recovery following endometriosis surgery

Postoperative serum markers to predict  serum AMH recovery following endometriosis surgery By Hale Goksever Celik

Women with endometriosis seek treatment including ovarian cystectomy, because of symptoms that reduce their quality of life. Ovarian cystectomy using laparoscopic or robotic devices is the preferred therapy. However, it has been shown in the literature that ovarian reserve is…

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Turn around to come to the same spot: Nothing specific to predict AMH decline

Turn around to come to the same spot: Nothing specific to predict AMH decline By Bahar Yuksel

Endometriomas are challenging lesions as they might cause a decline in ovarian function either only by their presence or related to their surgery. Thus, any preoperative parameter that might give a vision to a surgeon for postoperative results is crucial.…

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Combined "Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and CA125" may be promising predictor for adhesions

Combined By Nasuhi Engin Aydin

Drs. Guo & Zhang from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China published their manuscript on the importance of combined "platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and CA125 level" as a biomarker of endometriosis in a recent…

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How possible is it to diagnose endometriosis from a urine sample?

How possible is it to diagnose endometriosis from a urine sample? By Eylül GÜN

The development of non-invasive diagnostic methods in endometriosis is essential for successful surveillance. Various biomarkers have been used for this purpose, including biomarkers from serum, peritoneal irrigation fluid, endometrial tissue biopsy, and urine. Dr. Chen et al. from Taiwan conducted…

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Quality of Life Is Negatively Correlated With Anxiety and Depression in Endometriosis

Quality of Life Is Negatively Correlated With Anxiety and Depression in Endometriosis By Özge Özkaya

The quality of life of endometriosis patients is negatively correlated with anxiety and depression according to a new study published in the scientific journal Frontiers in Psychology. Based on this finding, the authors of the study suggest that improving patients'…

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Shining like fireflies: a new approach to visualize early endometriosis

Shining like fireflies: a new approach to visualize early endometriosis By Bahar Yuksel

Endometriosis is a complex and unsolved disease that requires animal studies in order to understand its nature. There are a group of animal models designed for endometriosis studies, but most require sacrificing the animal. In the experimental study designed by the team…

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What do endometriosis and ovarian cancer have in common?

What do endometriosis and ovarian cancer have in common? By Bahar Yuksel

While endometriosis is not a malignant disease, it is for sure known that it shares genetic disorders with cancers. In the bioinformatics study applied by Leyi Ni et al, the researchers analyzed the genetic pathways shared by both ovarian cancers…

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A novel target proposal in endometriosis: Phoenixin

A novel target proposal in endometriosis: Phoenixin By Eylül GÜN

As well as being a hormone-dependent reproductive system disorder, endometriosis is known to be multifactorial, which makes its etiopathogenetic mechanisms even harder to understand. Many new targets have been vastly evaluated with the hope of finding a new diagnostic test…

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Cancer invasion genes to explain invasiveness of adenomyosis

Cancer invasion genes to explain invasiveness of adenomyosis By Bahar Yuksel

Adenomyosis looks similar to endometriosis, but it is not the same. However, the invasiveness and migration patterns of both diseases have something in common. The study conducted by Guo et al. questioned whether invasiveness genes that have already been studied…

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Matrix metalloproteinases and their role in endometriosis

Matrix metalloproteinases and their role in endometriosis By Eylül GÜN

The extracellular matrix harbors important macromolecules such as collagen and glycoproteins which are required for tissue remodeling, differentiation, and homeostasis. The main group of enzymes responsible for these properties is called matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). It has been proven that MMPs…

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Environmental factors play a role in the development of endometriosis

Environmental factors play a role in the development of endometriosis By Hale Goksever Celik

The proposed mechanisms underlying the development of endometriosis may be classified into three groups: in-situ theory, implantation theories, and induction theories. Genetic, hormonal, environmental, and lifestyle-related factors are also involved as no mechanism is solely responsible for endometriosis development. Although there are…

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The new Endometriosis Surgical Complexity Classification: AAGL 2021

The new Endometriosis Surgical Complexity Classification: AAGL 2021 By Selma Oransay

Multiple endometriosis categorizations have been approved in the recent forty years. The American Fertility Society proposed ASRM with a desire to score the impact of the endometriosis in 1996,  which was updated several times later (rASRM), to predict infertility after laparoscopic operations. For…

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How to Reduce Pain After Laparoscopic Surgery

How to Reduce Pain After Laparoscopic Surgery By Özge Özkaya

Using humidified warm gas with forced-air warming blanket during laparoscopic surgery resulted in significantly less pain in the recovery room, according to a new study published in the journal "Surgical Endoscopy". In patients with endometriosis, using humidified warm air even…

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Endogenous cannabinoids are related to endometriosis pain

Endogenous cannabinoids are related to endometriosis pain By Eylül GÜN

Pain, specifically dysmenorrhea is the most important symptom of endometriosis. Prostaglandins are the main director of the pain process in dysmenorrhea, therefore the mechanisms affecting the prostaglandin metabolism have been studied in order to find a treatment for pain, and found that…

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Exploring a bonafide biomarker to predict endometriosis

Exploring a bonafide biomarker to predict endometriosis By Eylül GÜN

Endometriosis is a complex disease affecting many women in the reproductive age group. As it is important to figure out the mechanisms responsible for the disease, it is also crucial to identify biomarkers that can be used in the diagnosis…

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Promising therapeutic results in experimental endometriosis model

Promising therapeutic results in experimental endometriosis model By Nasuhi Engin Aydin

Tiziana Genovese and associates from Italian academic centers reported their pioneering findings in an experimental model of endometriosis administering an anti-tumor agent and glucocorticoid combination, published in the scientific periodical “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”. Endometriosis is a worldwide common disease…

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Selected Blood Inflammatory Biomarkers May Help Identify Endometriosis

Selected Blood Inflammatory Biomarkers May Help Identify Endometriosis By Özge Özkaya

Levels of inflammatory biomarkers in the blood differ between women with endometriosis and those without the disease. Levels of some biomarkers also differ according to the stage of endometriosis. This is according to a new study by Polish scientists published…

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DNA damage response in eutopic endometria of endometriosis patients

DNA damage response in eutopic endometria of endometriosis patients By Dr. Youngran Park

The DNA damage response (DDR) is a network of cellular pathways that sense, signal, and repair the lesions occurring in DNA. Surveillance proteins that monitor DNA integrity activate the DNA repair pathways in response to DNA damage and try to prevent the generation of potentially deleterious mutations. Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent…

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Time for noninvasive serum markers for endometriosis diagnosis

Time for noninvasive serum markers for endometriosis diagnosis By Nasuhi Engin Aydin

Dr. Onur Guralp and associates from Germany and Turkey published their results on serum markers predicting endometriosis in the "Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology".   Still, in 21st-century medicine, doctors can not diagnose endometriosis using biochemical serum markers. Proposed serum markers…

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KEYNOTE: Excision Without Mutilation: It’s Possible! -  Arnaud Wattiez, MD

KEYNOTE: Excision Without Mutilation: It’s Possible! -  Arnaud Wattiez, MD By Özge Özkaya

In his keynote lecture, Dr. Wattiez talks about the pros and cons of endometriosis surgery and the importance of tailoring endometriosis surgery to individual patients.  “Endometriosis is a disease that degrades patient’s wellbeing," Dr. Wattiez says and gives some examples…

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Exploring the Role of Neuropathy in Re-Operative Endometriosis - Marc Possover, MD, PhD

Exploring the Role of Neuropathy in Re-Operative Endometriosis - Marc Possover, MD, PhD By Özge Özkaya

Prof. Possover starts his presentation by summarizing the possible cause of pelvic neuropathy following endometriosis surgery. Pelvic neuropathy is the damage or dysfunction of the pelvic nerve. Prof. Possover explained that this could either be due to incomplete surgery, disease…

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Operative techniques for Deep Endometriosis Surgery - Shaheen Khazali, MD

Operative techniques for Deep Endometriosis Surgery - Shaheen Khazali, MD By Özge Özkaya

In this presentation, Dr. Shaheen Khazali, an endometriosis surgeon specialized in gastrointestinal and urinary tract endometriosis excision and in neuropelveology, talks about the general principles and some techniques for endometriosis surgery focusing on rectovaginal endometriosis. He also describes the "ten…

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Laparoscopic Approach to Rectus Muscle Endometriosis and Inguinal Endometriosis - Ted Lee, MD

Laparoscopic Approach to Rectus Muscle Endometriosis and Inguinal Endometriosis - Ted Lee, MD By Selma Oransay

Rectus muscle endometriosis and inguinal endometriosis are two rare types of endometriosis. Operation room videos of several patients with different rectus muscle endometriosis and inguinal endometriosis are shared during the presentation of Dr. Lee to clarify the methods of the…

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Separation of epithelia and stroma components in endometriosis lesions yields remarkable molecular points - Ie-Ming Shih, MD, Ph.D.

Separation of epithelia and stroma components in endometriosis lesions yields remarkable molecular points - Ie-Ming Shih, MD, Ph.D. By Nasuhi Engin Aydin

The pathologies of adenomyosis and endometriosis are unique among non-malignant gynecological diseases and provide fertile research topics. Ectopic endometrial tissues may have distinct molecular changes distinct from eutopic endometria despite having similar morphology. In this regard, there are intriguing suggestions as…

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Egg Freezing for Endometriosis: Should she rush - Tomer Singer, MD

Egg Freezing for Endometriosis: Should she rush - Tomer Singer, MD By Özge Özkaya

In this presentation, Dr. Tomer Singer, a fertility specialist and the medical director at Shady Grove Fertility in Manhattan, New York talks about egg freezing and its importance for women with endometriosis. He emphasizes the importance of having an endometriosis…

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Exploring Pelvic Pain: Deep to Ischial Spine Including Pre-Sacral Roots - A. Taner Usta, MD

Exploring Pelvic Pain: Deep to Ischial Spine Including Pre-Sacral Roots - A. Taner Usta, MD By Irem Onur

Chronic pelvic pain is defined as pain in the pelvic area that lasts for 6 months or longer and results in functional or psychological disability or requires intervention and treatment by the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists. There are…

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Why Persistent or Recurrent Endometriosis Happens? - Dan Martin, MD

Why Persistent or Recurrent Endometriosis Happens? - Dan Martin, MD By Ellen Tumimbang

The objectives of Dr. Martin in this presentation are to understand the difficulties in recognition of deep and hidden endometriosis, difficulties in recognition of small lesions of micron size, and differentiate the look-alike lesions of endometriosis. He addressed overcoming these…

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Role of Prophylactic Oophorectomy in Endometriosis Patients with Ovarian Cancer History in the family - Farr Nezhat, MD

Role of Prophylactic Oophorectomy in Endometriosis Patients with Ovarian Cancer History in the family - Farr Nezhat, MD By Özge Özkaya

Dr. Nezhat starts his presentation by outlining his objectives, which are to review the basics of cancer genetics, give an overview about endometriosis and ovarian cancer, discuss the pathogenesis of malignant transformation of endometriosis, and talk about the clinical implications…

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Further Evidence that endometriosis is related to tubal or ovarian cancer - Togas Tulandi, MD

Further Evidence that endometriosis is related to tubal or ovarian cancer - Togas Tulandi, MD By Selma Oransay

Most authors suggest an association of endometriosis mainly with clear cell, low-grade serous, and endometrioid ovarian cancer.  But in two large cohort studies, no correlation between them is reported (Olson et al. 2002 and Tseng et al. 2019) Dr. Tulandi…

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Insoluble Dilemma of Adenomyosis: Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment  - Errico Zupi, MD

Insoluble Dilemma of Adenomyosis: Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment  - Errico Zupi, MD By Selma Oransay

The prevalence of adenomyosis has been reported to range from 1% to 70% in different studies. This large range can be explained by the lack of standard diagnostic criteria by imaging modalities or pathological analyses. Sixty-five% of the women with adenomyosis…

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Endometriosis: Less is better. How to improve the integration between surgical and medical therapy - Errico Zupi, MD

Endometriosis: Less is better. How to improve the integration between surgical and medical therapy - Errico Zupi, MD By Özge Özkaya

In this presentation, Dr. Errico Zupi, Associate Professor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Rome talks about the importance of an integrative approach comprising of both medical and surgical interventions to treat endometriosis.  "The first…

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It is time for redefining endometriosis with our contemporary scientific knowledge - Philippe Koninckx, MD, Ph.D.

It is time for redefining endometriosis with our contemporary scientific knowledge -  Philippe Koninckx, MD, Ph.D. By Nasuhi Engin Aydin

Endometriosis defined as endometrium-like tissue outside the uterus has a poorly understood natural history. It is a heterogeneous disease having genetic-epigenetic features with many biochemical changes in the lesions. The Sampson hypothesis of implanted endometrial cells following retrograde menstruation is not…

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Genetic and Pathologic aspects of Maligant Transformation of Endometriosis: Endometriosis-Related Ovarian Cancers-ERON's - Ayse Ayhan, MD

Genetic and Pathologic aspects of Maligant Transformation of Endometriosis: Endometriosis-Related Ovarian Cancers-ERON's - Ayse Ayhan, MD By Dr. Youngran Park

In the 2020 Endofound Medical Conference, Dr. Ayse Ayhan presented about endometriosis (endometrioma)-related ovarian cancer (ERON). Based on the current understanding of the epidemiology, histology, and molecular alterations, it seems clear that endometriosis is highly related to ERONs. Endometriosis is…

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Urological Challenges in Endometriosis Surgery - Guenter Noe, MD

Urological Challenges in Endometriosis Surgery - Guenter Noe, MD By Özge Özkaya

In this presentation, Dr. Guenter Noé, Head of Department of Rheilandklinikum Dormagen in Germany talks about endometriosis affecting the urinary tract. Dr. Noé starts by describing the different parts of the urinary tract that can be affected by endometriosis including…

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Implantation failure in endometriosis patients - Jovana Lekovich, MD., PhD.

Implantation failure in endometriosis patients - Jovana Lekovich, MD., PhD. By Hale Goksever Celik

Endometriosis is one of the leading reasons for infertility due to decreased oocyte/embryo quality, fertilization ability, tubal function, and aberrant endometrial receptivity. Whether this failure is caused by oocyte/embryo or eutopic endometrium is one of the investigated topics in endometriosis…

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Fixing holes: prevention and treatment of complications - Jon Einarsson, MD, MPH

Fixing holes: prevention and treatment of complications - Jon Einarsson, MD, MPH By Selma Oransay

Dr. Einarsson shared his operating room video screens during his speech for discussing four major complications (ureter, bladder,  bowel, and vascular) of endometriosis surgery and the ways to repair them. Fixing the ureter damage: Endometriotic nodules may settle on the tract…

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Limits of endometrioma surgery in infertility patients - Liselotte Mettler, MD, PhD

Limits of endometrioma surgery in infertility patients - Liselotte Mettler, MD, PhD By Selma Oransay

The removal of endometrioma may affect ovarian reserve because healthy follicles near endometrioma could also be excised during this procedure. Another concern about the ovarian reserve is that it may be already low before the surgery. Anti Mullerian Hormone (AMH)…

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In vitro fertilization protocols in endometriosis patients - Pinar Kodaman, MD., PhD.

In vitro fertilization protocols in endometriosis patients - Pinar Kodaman, MD., PhD. By Hale Goksever Celik

Infertility is frequently encountered in endometriosis patients because of anatomic distortion, alterations in endometrial receptivity, diminished tubal peristalsis, and sperm movements. Even though the disease stage and presence of endometrioma is negatively correlated with infertility, it is unpredictable which women…

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A Possible genetic target for endometriosis treatment

A Possible genetic target for endometriosis treatment By Dr. Youngran Park

Mutations in the chromosome remodeling complex SWI/SNF subunit ARID1A were first identified in ovarian clear-cell carcinoma and ovarian endometrioid carcinoma, two endometriosis-associated epithelial ovarian cancer subtypes. ARID1A gene mutations are also observed in deep ovarian and deep infiltrating endometriosis, atypical endometrial…

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Combination of noninvasive biomarkers in the identification of endometriosis

Combination of noninvasive biomarkers in the identification of endometriosis By Timur Seckin

The combined measurement of urine enolase, serum CA125, and CA19-9 may be an accurate test for the prediction and detection of endometriosis. This is according to a study published in the journal BioMedical Research International. The gold standard for the…

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CA125 do not correlate with pain and its severity among adolescents

CA125 do not correlate with pain and its severity among adolescents By Ellen Tumimbang

Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) is a high molecular weight glycoprotein expressed in tissue derived from the coelomic and Mullerian epithelia including the uterus endometrium. Previous studies reported that CA125 is the most studied endometriosis marker. Women with endometriosis experienced different…

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Endometrial polyps of patients with and without endometriosis

Endometrial polyps of patients with and without endometriosis By Nasuhi Engin Aydin

Endometrial polyps are benign local overgrowths comprising both glands and the stroma, and are quite common in gynecological practice. Endometriosis patients also commonly have polyps, which have yielded different features than those from patients without endometriosis.  Dr. Jiangand and associates…

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Immune cells and endometriosis pain

Immune cells and endometriosis pain By Dr. Youngran Park

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disorder in women. This disease leads to dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, and infertility. The immune reaction is one of the most widely accepted pathologies of endometriosis. Estrogen dysfunction stimulates immune cells in the peritoneal cavity affecting…

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Enhanced local and systemic inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in women with endometriosis 

Enhanced local and systemic inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in women with endometriosis  By Ellen Tumimbang

Endometriosis is not only characterized by the implantation of endometriotic tissue outside of the uterine cavity but also necessitates an impaired immune response. It is suggested that abnormal immunological mechanisms causing the dysfunction of immune cells and their mediators are…

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Hormone Control Related Genes in Women With Endometriosis

Hormone Control Related Genes in Women With Endometriosis By Ellen Tumimbang

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease.  The development of endometriosis is stimulated by the specific ability to receive the estrogen that is needed for growth and differentiation of endometrial cells and has numerous biological functions in eutopic and ectopic endometrium. Estrogen…

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NAT2 as potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis

NAT2 as potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis By Nadire Duru

Endometriosis affects 5–10% of women of reproductive age causing several discomforts, pelvic pain, menstrual disorders, ectopic bleeding, infertility, and sometimes even malignant transformation but its etiology remains unclear. Accumulating evidence point a key role for genetic factors and there is…

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miR-92a and progesterone resistance in endometriosis

miR-92a and progesterone resistance in endometriosis By Dr. Youngran Park

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disorder. This incidence of this disease is 35% to 50% among those who suffer from chronic pelvic pain and infertility, which has a negative effect on the quality of life and on health. Recent genome-wide associations…

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IL-33 Polarize Peritoneal Macrophages for Endometriosis Growth

IL-33 Polarize Peritoneal Macrophages for Endometriosis Growth By Nadire Duru

M2 type macrophages are the most common type of macrophages found in endometriosis and they enhance the development of endometriosis lesions. The key factors that stimulate macrophages to polarize towards M2 and contribute to the increased endometriosis lesions remain to be…

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Preoperative serum CA 125 levels predict the severity of adhesions in endometriosis

Preoperative serum CA 125 levels predict the severity of adhesions in endometriosis By Irem Onur

Lee Y. et al., a group of researchers from Korea evaluated the correlation between preoperative serum markers and pelvic adhesions in endometriosis patients and explored the markers’ clinical value for outcome prediction. They have recently published their study in the…

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The role of acidic ribosomal protein P1 in Endometriosis

The role of acidic ribosomal protein P1 in Endometriosis By Dr. Youngran Park

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disorder. The disease develops and composed of the ectopic endometrial-like tissue which establishes primarily in the pelvic cavity. Previous findings clearly show that estrogen-related factors are critical for endometriosis development and progression. However, we do have…

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M1 and M2 macrophages in ovarian endometriomas

M1 and M2 macrophages in ovarian endometriomas By Yu Yu

Macrophages play an essential role in the immune response during inflammation and have been implicated in diseases such as inflammatory conditions and cancers. Broadly, macrophages are classified into M1 and M2. The M1 macrophages are pro-inflammatory, and in contrast, the…

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A rigorous literature review on endometriosis

A rigorous literature review on endometriosis By Irem Onur

Bulun SE. et al., from Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, conducted a rigorous literature review on endometriosis. This outstanding review by Dr. Bulun et al. addresses the definition, remarkable medical features, clinically useful research findings, prevalence and distribution,…

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Endometriosis as an epigenetically regulated disease

Endometriosis as an epigenetically regulated disease By Dr. Youngran Park

Endometriosis is defined as the abnormal growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus. It affects about 10% of reproductive age women resulting in severe pain and infertility. Among various theories of endometriosis pathogenesis, not a single one has successfully…

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Consquences of endometriosis in menopausal period.

Consquences of endometriosis in menopausal period. By Selma Oransay

Marie-Scemama et al. from Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France, referred to endometriosis and menopause which is an actual cruising topic and recently published it in the journal named "Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation". Endometriosis a well-known estrogen-dependent disease has three…

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A study about adnexial torsion doubts in patients with endometriosis.

A  study about adnexial torsion doubts in patients with endometriosis. By Selma Oransay

Endometrioma is the presence of endometriosis cysts in the ovary, and is one of the most common forms of endometriosis, with unknown pathophysiology. Adnexal torsion results in twisting ovarian tissues resulting in a decreased blood flow. The causes for adnexal torsion due…

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Control on endometriosis progression by a "tyrosine kinase inhibitor"

Control on endometriosis progression by a By Irem Onur

B cells, which are important players of the immune system, are increased in the blood and peritoneal cavity of endometriosis patients. Activation of B cells and the presence of anti-endometrial autoantibodies have been also been described in women with endometriosis,…

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Non‑invasive biomarkers for endometriosis diagnosis

Non‑invasive biomarkers for endometriosis diagnosis By Hale Goksever Celik

Endometriosis is a disease of women in reproductive age and its incidence varies between 5-10%. Since the diagnosis is based on the histological confirmation, there is an average of 7 to 11 years of delays in the diagnosis. Promising non-invasive…

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The reason for lower BMI and less body fat in women with endometriosis.

The reason for lower BMI  and less body fat in women with endometriosis. By Selma Oransay

Zolbin et al. from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA, recently published the results of their prospective controlled research on adipocyte alterations in endometriosis, in the journal "Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology". Endometriosis can…

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New findings in adenomyosis (endometriosis interna) patients with potential theraupetic research implications

New findings in adenomyosis (endometriosis interna) patients with potential theraupetic research implications By Nasuhi Engin Aydin

Xue Shen and associates from Beijing, China have published their observations related to cannabinoid receptors, i.e., CB1 and CB2, in patients with adenomyosis, recently in the journal  "Biomed Research International".  Adenomyosis is an estrogen-dependent uterine disorder where a nonmalignant invasion…

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Pathophysiology of peritoneal endometriosis pain.

Pathophysiology of peritoneal endometriosis pain. By Serdar Balci

This article is an invited editorial by Ferrero S et.al. from IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy, published in the Annals of Translational Medicine. The authors describe the pathophysiology and underlying mechanisms of pain in peritoneal endometriosis with reference to the…

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A new hope for a "targeted" drug for endometriosis

A new hope for a By Selma Oransay

Lin et al. from National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, recently published in"Theranostics" the article entitled "Targeting Anthrax Toxin Receptor 2 Ameliorates Endometriosis Progression”,  report that ANTRX2 may be a novel therapeutic target for endometriosis. Thinking that the adhesion should be the first and the…

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New Link Between Endometriosis and Genetics?

New Link Between Endometriosis and Genetics? By Özge Özkaya

Two new genes have been identified that may be associated with endometriosis. This finding increases our understanding of the biology of endometriosis and may take us one small step further towards the development of new ways of treating the condition. …

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Endometriosis and nuclear receptors

Endometriosis and nuclear receptors By Dr. Youngran Park

It is well recognized that endometriosis is a steroid-dependent disorder. In endometrial stromal cells, progesterone regulates retinoic acid production and action. Retinoids also act via a number of nuclear receptors (NRs) and are involved in normal endometrial function and endometriosis. Estrogen…

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Estrogen Receptor Signaling and Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer

Estrogen Receptor Signaling and Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer By Selma Oransay

Andersen et al. published a prospective cohort study in the Journal of Hormones and Cancer to enlighten the estrogen signaling pathway during the transition from endometriosis to endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer. Given the shared pathway of endometriosis and ovarian cancer as…

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Can we prevent the progression of endometriosis?

Can we prevent the progression of endometriosis? By Selma Oransay

Torres-Reveron et al. from the University of Texas, USA, planned this prospective laboratory research on female rats to assay the reduce on the progression of endometriosis and recently published the results in PloS One. At first,  endometriosis was induced in female rats…

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Endometriosis-associated pain control by contraceptive implant or intrauterine system

Endometriosis-associated pain control by contraceptive implant or intrauterine system By Hale Goksever Celik

Endometriosis is defined as the localization of endometrial glandular and stromal cells outside the uterine cavity. The most common symptoms are dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and chronic pelvic pain, all of which affect the quality of women’s lives. Several studies investigating the…

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Can we Inhibit the Survival of Endometriosis?

Can we Inhibit the Survival of Endometriosis? By Dr. Youngran Park

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent gynecological inflammatory disease. The current anti-estrogen therapies can be prescribed only for a short time due to the undesirable side effects on menstruation, pregnancy, bone health, and recurrence. Therefore, the development of specific therapy which targets…

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Autophagy, proteolysis and Endometriosis

Autophagy, proteolysis and Endometriosis By Kasthuri Nair

Sui et al., a group of researchers from the Qiqihar Medical University and Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, recently published in Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. The piece titled “Expression and significance of autophagy genes LC3, Beclin1 and MMP-2 in endometriosis”…

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PROPOFOL: a new combat for endometriosis?

PROPOFOL: a new combat for endometriosis? By Selma Oransay

Feng et al, from the Department of  Gynecology Weifang Medical University Hospital, Shandong, China, recently published their prospective experimental research in the journal Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. Propofol, a rapid and short-term anesthetic substance, recently has been shown to prevent cancer through inhibiting…

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Inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway for the treatment of endometriosis.

Inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway for the treatment of endometriosis. By Dr. Youngran Park

Dr. Matsuzaki et al. (2018) published a paper entitled ‘In vitro and in vivo effects of MK2206 and chloroquine combination therapy on endometriosis’ showing that the efficacy of MK2206, an Akt inhibitor, in combination with chloroquine for inducing autophagy in…

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Molecular Susceptibility to Endometriosis

Molecular Susceptibility to Endometriosis By Kasthuri Nair

Fayez et al., a group of researchers from various institutions in Iran, recently published a paper in the Avicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology titled “Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 Polymorphisms and the Risk of Endometriosis.” This study focused on the relationship between…

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Therapeutic potential of ginseng based compound in preclinical models of endometriosis

Therapeutic potential of ginseng based compound in preclinical models of endometriosis By Yu Yu

Currently, the drug option for women with endometriosis mainly focus on reducing estrogens levels (e.g., progestins, androgens, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, and aromatase inhibitors). However, these therapies can have low effectiveness with frequent recurrence and considerable side effects. Therefore, there…

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Polymorphism of IL12B May Help Solve Endometriosis

Polymorphism of IL12B May Help Solve Endometriosis By Kasthuri Nair

Zhao et al. recently published a paper titled “A functional promoter polymorphism in interleukin 12B gene is associated with an increased risk of ovarian endometriosis” in Gene. The research group from Hebei Medical University wanted to explore the potential roles…

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Commentary on major developments in the pathophysiology of endometriosis

Commentary on major developments in the pathophysiology of endometriosis By Nasuhi Engin Aydin

This commentary article by Dr. Warren G. Foster, from MacMaster University, Canada that appeared at Biology of Reproduction, is highly valuable for its leading role in endometriosis research. Although endometriosis is a common disease affecting up to 10% of women,…

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Inflammatory molecules promote the migration and invasion of endometriosis cells

Inflammatory molecules promote the migration and invasion of endometriosis cells By Yu Yu

Increasing scientific evidence has shown that the immune and inflammatory mechanisms play a central role in the progression of endometriosis by allowing a permissive environment that allows migration, adhesion, proliferation, and invasion of endometrial cells in ectopic regions of the…

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Difficulties Associated with Diagnosing Ascites and Encapsulating Peritonitis in Endometriosis

Difficulties Associated with Diagnosing Ascites and Encapsulating Peritonitis in Endometriosis By Kasthuri Nair

De Magalhães et al. recently published a paper titled “Ascites and Encapsulating Peritonitis in Endometriosis: a Systematic Review with a Case Report” in Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. The team from the Universidade Federal do Ceará and the Universidade…

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Exosomal miR-214 from endometrial stromal cells inhibits endometriosis fibrosis.

Exosomal miR-214 from endometrial stromal cells inhibits endometriosis fibrosis. By Dr. Youngran Park

Fibrosis is an important pathological feature of endometriosis. Novel therapies targeting the mechanisms of fibrosis in endometriosis are indispensable for the development of strategies to prevent and treat endometriosis. Previous microarray studies have detected some miRNAs that are aberrantly expressed…

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HOXA10: A Culprit in Endometriosis Disease Progression

HOXA10: A Culprit in Endometriosis Disease Progression By Kasthuri Nair

Zheng et al., a group of authors from the Aerospace Center Hospital in Bejing and from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University in Wenzhou, recently published a paper in Reproductive Sciences entitled “Decreased Expression of HOXA10 May Activate the…

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Mechanism for Migration of Endometriosis Cells in the Body

Mechanism for Migration of Endometriosis Cells in the Body By Kasthuri Nair

Li et al. recently published a paper in Stem Cells titled “Hematogenous Dissemination of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Endometriosis.” This article seeks to understand the mechanisms underlying the migration of endometriosis. The authors initially hypothesize that endometriosis-derived mesenchymal stem cells…

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Endometrial stem cells and Endometriosis

Endometrial stem cells and Endometriosis By Dr. Youngran Park

Human endometrium is a cyclically proliferative tissue, and this monthly regeneration is likely mediated by endometrial stem (or progenitor) cells.The upper functional layer of the endometrium breaks down and is shed into the uterine cavity during menstruation. Re-epithelialization and repair…

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Interleukin 6 secretion from activated macrophages promotes the migration of endometriotic epithelial cells

Interleukin 6 secretion from activated macrophages promotes the migration of endometriotic epithelial cells By Dr. Youngran Park

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that endometriosis patients have a higher level of various inflammatory factors which are associated with the pathogenesis of the disease. Several studies have shown marked increases in macrophage populations and activity…

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The effects of MK2206 and chloroquine combination therapy on endometriosis.

The effects of MK2206 and chloroquine combination therapy on endometriosis. By Dr. Youngran Park

Endometriosis affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age. A high recurrence rate after medical treatment with or without surgery is a significant clinical problem for patients with endometriosis. Establishment of a complete cure for patients with endometriosis awaits new…

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EFA Medical Conference 2017: "Ovarian Cancer" Presentation by  Dr. Jeannine Villella

EFA Medical Conference 2017: By Kasthuri Nair

Dr. Jeannine Villella, the Chair of Gynecologic Oncology in the Department of OBGYN at Lenox Hill, presented at the 2017 EFA Medical Conference. Her presentation was titled “Ovarian Cancer, ” and she discussed the similarities, differences, and links between ovarian…

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The Use of Resveratrol as an Adjuvant Treatment of Pain in Endometriosis

The Use of Resveratrol as an Adjuvant Treatment of Pain in Endometriosis By Dr. Youngran Park

Endometriosis is considered a predominantly estrogen-dependent disease, and therefore hormonal suppression might be an attractive medical approach to treat this disease and its symptoms. Resveratrol is a natural phytoestrogen synthesized by plants and has known to have side effects such…

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EFA Medical Conference 2017: "Fertility Preservation to BRCA Mutations" Presentation by Dr. Kutluk Oktay

EFA Medical Conference 2017: By Kasthuri Nair

Dr. Kutluk Oktay is the Director of the Laboratory of Molecular Reproduction & Fertility Preservation as well as a Professor of OBGYN at Yale University School of Medicine. Dr. Oktay also presented at the EFA 2017 Medical Conference, and his…

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EFA Medical Conference 2017: "Hormone and Cytokine Sensitivity in Endometriosis" Presentation by Dr. Robert Taylor

EFA Medical Conference 2017: By Kasthuri Nair

The first presenter of the “Estrogen from Inflammation to Cancer: A Distant Link?” section of EFA 2017 Medical Conference was Dr. Robert Taylor from Wake Forest University Health Sciences. Dr. Taylor’s presentation was titled “Hormone and Cytokine Sensitivity in Endometriosis.”…

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EFA Medical Conference 2017: “Literature Review, Our Data, and Case Presentations” by Dr. Karli Goldstein

EFA Medical Conference 2017: “Literature Review, Our Data, and Case Presentations” by Dr. Karli Goldstein By Özge Özkaya

Dr. Karli Goldstein started her presentation with a brief literature review on the relationship between endometriosis and breast cancer. She focused on a research article by Dr. Spandidos and colleagues, which was the first epidemiological study that examined the possible…

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EFA Medical Conference 2017: "NIH Funding - Present and Future" Presentation by Dr. Lisa Halvorson

EFA Medical Conference 2017: By Kasthuri Nair

Dr. Lisa Halvorson, the Chief at the Gynecologic Health and Disease Branch at the National Institute of Health (NIH)/NICHD/HHS, gave a presentation titled “NIH Funding - Present and Future” at the EFA 2107 Medical conference. Dr. Halvorson’s presentation began with…

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Autophagy in endometriosis: Friend or foe?  

Autophagy in endometriosis: Friend or foe?   By Dr. Youngran Park

Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent disease and affects an estimated 10% of the female population of reproductive age. Unfortunately, the etiology of endometriosis is not clear. Recently emerging evidence shows that there is a close relationship between endometriosis and autophagy.…

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EFA Medical Conference 2017: "Breast Cancer in Young Women; Early Diagnosis Timely Intervention" Presentation by Dr. Stephanie Bernik

EFA Medical Conference 2017: By Kasthuri Nair

Dr. Stephanie Bernik is the Chief of Surgical Oncology of Surgery and General Surgery at the Lenox Hill Hospital. She recently presented at the EFA 2017 Medical Conference, and her presentation was titled “Breast Cancer in Young Women; Early Diagnosis…

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EFA Medical Conference 2017: "Prophylactic Mastectomy and Breast Reconstruction" Presentation by Dr. Oren Lerman

EFA Medical Conference 2017: By Özge Özkaya

Dr. Oren Lerman, a plastic and reconstructive surgeon at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City, described the reconstructive options of a woman who has been or is going to go through a mastectomy (removal of breast tissues) whether it…

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EFA Medical Conference 2017: "Endometriosis: hormonal or surgical? My reality!" Presentation by Dr. Harry Reich

EFA Medical Conference 2017: By Kasthuri Nair

Dr. Harry Reich, the Former Director of Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery at Columbia University Department of OBGYN, was the last speaker in the Mission and History part of the EFA 2017 Medical Conference. His presentation was titled “Endometriosis: hormonal or surgical?…

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EFA Medical Conference 2017: "Cells Are the New Cure" Presentation by Dr. Max Gomez

EFA Medical Conference 2017: By Kasthuri Nair

Dr. Max Gomez is an award-winning broadcast journalist, CBS News Medical Correspondent, and a presenter at the EFA 2017 Medical Conference. Dr. Gomez’s presentation was titled “Cells Are the New Cure: The Cutting-Edge Medical Breakthroughs That Are Transforming Our Health.”…

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What is the role of hormones on the function and development of the brain?

What is the role of hormones on the function and development of the brain? By Murat Osman

Dr. Sarah L. Berga, Professor, and Chair of Obstetrics and Gynecology Wake Forest School of Medicine aim to talk about the effects of sex hormones such as estrogens and progestins on brain health with an emphasis on the neuroprotective characteristics…

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EFA.MC.2017.“The Abnormal Embryos That Aren’t”,“Tens of thousands of women thought they couldn't have babies: But what if they could.”Dr. Norbert Gleicher Dr. Monica Halem

EFA.MC.2017.“The Abnormal Embryos That Aren’t”,“Tens of thousands of women thought they couldn't have babies: But what if they could.”Dr. Norbert Gleicher Dr. Monica Halem By Özge Özkaya

The presentation started with the story of Monica Halem who had endometriosis and had been trying to conceive using in vitro fertilization VF), but was told that none of her fertilized embryos would be viable based on pre-implantation genetic screening…

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EFA Medical Conference 2017: EFA Research Grants Presentation by Dr. Serin Seckin

EFA Medical Conference 2017: EFA Research Grants Presentation by Dr. Serin Seckin By Kasthuri Nair

Dr. Serin Seckin, a Resident Physician at Mount Sinai Health System, gave a presentation during the 2017 Medical Conference titled “EFA Research Grants.” This presentation delineated and went into some detail about the research grants worth over $400,000 that were…

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EFA Medical Conference 2017: "The Environmental Risks of Breast Cancer" Presentation by Dr. Marisa Weiss

EFA Medical Conference 2017: By Kasthuri Nair

The second speaker in the subsection of the conference titled “Estrogen from Inflammation to Cancer: A Distant Link?” was Dr. Marisa Weiss and she gave a presentation titled “The Environmental Risks of Breast Cancer: Common Ground with Endometriosis.” Dr. Weiss…

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EFA Medical Conference 2017: Welcome Presentation by Dr. Tamer Seckin

EFA Medical Conference 2017: Welcome Presentation by Dr. Tamer Seckin By Kasthuri Nair

The first part of the Endometriosis Foundation of America’s 2017 Medical Conference delved into the mission and history of the Endometriosis Foundation of America. The first presenter was Dr. Tamer Seckin, a renowned surgeon, and gynecologist who is also the…

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CCL19/CCR7 Interaction can Casue Characteristic Cell Proliferation

CCL19/CCR7 Interaction can Casue Characteristic Cell Proliferation By Kasthuri Nair

In their paper published in the American Journal of Reproductive Immunology titled “CCL19/CCR7 contributes to the pathogenesis of endometriosis via PI3K/Akt pathway by regulating the proliferation and invasion of ESCs,” Diao et al. hope to elucidate one of the mechanisms…

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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Play a Role in Endometriosis Related Infertility

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Play a Role in Endometriosis Related Infertility By Kasthuri Nair

In their paper titled “Endometriosis-associated infertility: GDF-9, AMH, AMHR2 genes polymorphisms,” De Conto et al. attempt to elucidate the mechanism that leads to endometriosis-related infertility. In short, the authors hypothesize that there is a connection between polymorphisms in the Growth…

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An Antagonist for Endometriosis Disease Progression: LINC00261

An Antagonist for Endometriosis Disease Progression: LINC00261 By Kasthuri Nair

The molecular mechanisms surrounding endometriosis remain elusive to this day. Sha et al. from Wenzhou Medical University, China, reported that LINC00261, a long non-coding RNA, may play a substantial role in inhibiting the pathogenesis of this painful illness. Their paper…

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CA-125 may be useful for the diagnosis of deep infiltrating endometriosis

CA-125 may be useful for the diagnosis of deep infiltrating endometriosis By Asli Bahadirli Talbott

Marco Aurélio Oliveira et al. conducted a prospective study at outpatient gynecology clinic and Endometriosis Treatment Center in Pedro Ernesto University Hospital (Rio de Janeiro State University) between January 2012 and January 2016 with two groups of patients: deep infiltrating endometriosis…

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Retinoic Acid Signaling Involved in Endometrial Decidualization

Retinoic Acid Signaling Involved in Endometrial Decidualization By Murat Osman

Decidualization occurs in the eutopic endometrium during the luteal phase and is controlled by signaling pathways such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and progesterone. Researchers from the Northwestern University School of Medicine reported in their recent paper entitled "Altered Retinoid…

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Immune Response in Endometriosis and Regulatory T cells

Immune Response in Endometriosis and Regulatory T cells By Yu Yu

The adaptive immune system is crucial for many diseases. Lymphocytes, including T cells, are particularly important in the adaptive immune system. Previous research suggested that defective immune response could play a role in endometriosis. The hypothesis proposes that the immune…

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Combination Therapy Proves More Efficient in the Treatment of Endometriosis

Combination Therapy Proves More Efficient in the Treatment of Endometriosis By Kasthuri Nair

In their recent paper in British Journal of Pharmacology, entitled “Combination therapy with telmisartan and parecoxib induces regression of endometriotic lesions,” Nenicu et al. illustrate the increased effectiveness of telmisartan used along with a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory…

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Could the cell surface protein "EWI-2" be the new diagnostic marker for endometriosis?

Could the cell surface protein By Murat Osman

Further Understanding: Researchers from the Reproductive Medicine Center of Wuhan University sought to observe the differential expression of EWI-2, (a cell surface protein and an early activation marker, also known as IGSF8 - Immunoglobulin superfamily member 8) in 145 women…

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